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The History of Orthodoxy in America is complex and resists any easy categorizations or explanations. == Early visits and missions (1700–1900) == * 1741 Divine Liturgy celebrated on a Russian ship off the coast of Alaska. * 1767 A community of Orthodox Greeks establishes itself in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. * 1787 The US Constitution is drafted in Philadelphia, embodying the ideal of secular government with deliberate separation of "church and state" (First Amendment). * 1794 Missionaries, including St. Herman of Alaska, arrive at Kodiak Island, bringing Orthodoxy to Russian Alaska. * 1796 Martyrdom of Juvenaly of Alaska. * 1799 Ioasaph (Bolotov) consecrated in Irkutsk as first bishop for Alaska, but dies in a shipwreck during his return. * 1803 Louisiana Purchase expands American territory beyond Mississippi River. * 1804 The double-headed eagle became a motif widely used in Tlingit art, after the Russian-Tlingit Battle of Sitka in 1804, when Aleksandr Baranov, the first governor of colonial Russian Alaska and manager of the Russian-America Company, presented the ''Kiks.adi'' Sitka Tlingit leaders with a large medallion on which was found the Russian imperial symbol.〔''(Two Views of Double-Headed Eagles ).'' Northwest Coast Archaeology. Posted on March 1, 2010. Retrieved: 2013-10-05.〕 * 1816 Martyrdom of Peter the Aleut near San Francisco. * 1817 Russian colony of Fort Ross established 60 miles from San Francisco. * 1819 Various Spanish territories ceded to United States, including Florida. * 1824 Fr. John Veniaminov comes to Unalaska, Alaska. * 1825 First native priest, Jacob Netsvetov. * 1830 Saints Peter and Paul Russian Orthodox Church is founded on Saint Paul Island (Alaska), in the Bering Sea.〔''(SS. Peter and Paul Church ).'' Orthodox Church in America (OCA) - Parishes. Retrieved: 2013-10-06.〕 * 1834 Fr. John Veniaminov moves to Sitka, Alaska; liturgy and catechism translated into Aleut. * 1836 Imperial ''ukaz'' regarding Alaskan education issued from Czar Nicholas I that students were to become faithful members of the Orthodox Church, loyal subjects of the Czar, and loyal citizens; Fr. John Veniaminov returns to Russia. * 1837 Death of St. Herman of Alaska on Spruce Island. * 1840 Consecration of Fr. John Veniaminov as bishop with the name Innocent. * 1841 Return of St. Innocent of Alaska to Sitka; sale of Fort Ross property to an American citizen; pastoral school established in Sitka. * 1843 First mission school for the Eskimos was established at Nushagak by Russian-Greek Orthodox Church.〔''(Alaska Native History - Timeline - Alaskool ).'' Alaskool (Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage). Retrieved: 2013-10-06.〕 * 1844 Formation of seminary in Sitka. * 1848 Consecration of St. Michael's Cathedral (Sitka, Alaska); Pacific Southwest won from Mexico by United States. * 1850 Alaskan episcopal see and seminary moved to Yakutsk, Russia. * 1858 Peter (Sysakoff) consecrated as auxiliary bishop for Alaska with Innocent's primary see moved to Yakutsk. * 1864 (Holy Trinity Church ), first Orthodox parish established on United States soil in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Greeks. * 1865 First Divine Liturgy celebrated in New York City, by Fr. Agapius Honcharenko. * 1867 Alaska purchased by the United States from Russia; Bp. Paul (Popov) succeeds Bp. Peter. * 1868 First Russian parish established in US territory in San Francisco, California; St. Innocent of Alaska becomes Metropolitan of Moscow. * 1870 Diocese of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska formed by the Church of Russia with Bp. John (Metropolsky) as ruling hierarch. * 1872 See of the Aleutians diocese moved to San Francisco, placing it outside the defined boundaries of the diocese (i.e., Alaska). * 1876 Bp. John (Metropolsky) recalled to Russia. * 1878 Bp. Nestor (Zakkis) succeeds John (Metropolsky). * 1880-1920 Emigration of approximately 400,000 Greeks to the United States, one-fifth of the total population, many as hired labor for the railroads and mines of the American West.〔Alexander Kitroeff. ''(The Story of Greek Migration to America ).'' The Journey: The Greek American Dream (Documentary Film).〕〔C. Moskos. ''"The Greeks in the United States."'' In: R. Clogg (cd.). The Greek Diaspora in the Twentieth Century. St. Martin's Press, New York, 1999. p.105.〕 * 1882 Bp. Nestor (Zakkis) drowns in the Bering Sea. * 1886-1895 In the face of their shamans' inability to treat Old World diseases including smallpox, many Tlingit people (an indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America), converted to Orthodox Christianity.〔Boyd, Robert Thomas. ''(The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874 ).'' Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999. p. 241.〕 * 1888 Bp. Vladimir (Sokolovsky) becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska. * 1890 The first Orthodox arrived in Saskatchewan.〔Yaroslaw Lozowchuk and Gerald Luciuk. ''(Orthodox Churches ).'' The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved: 11 July, 2014.〕 * 1891 Fr. Alexis Toth, a Uniate priest, petitions to be received along with his parish in Minneapolis into the Russian Church; Bp. Nicholas (Adoratsky) assigned as Bishop of Alaska but is transferred before taking up his post; Nicholas (Ziorov) becomes ruling bishop of the Alaskan diocese; Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox parish-community is founded in New York. * 1892 Fr. Alexis Toth and his parish in Minneapolis received into the Russian Church; Carpatho-Russian Uniate parishes in Illinois, Connecticut, and several Pennsylvania soon follow suit; first Serbian parish established in Jackson, California; first American-born person ordained, Fr. Sebastian Dabovich. * 1895 Archim. Raphael (Hawaweeny) arrives in America; first Syrian parish in Brooklyn, New York, founded by St. Raphael of Brooklyn; Fr. John Kochurov arrives in America and becomes priest of the Russian parish in Chicago; Fr. Anatolii Kamenskii arrives in Alaska; first clergy conference, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. *1896 Bp. Nicholas (Ziorov) reports to the Holy Synod of Russia that ''"the commemoration of the Emperor and the Reigning House during the divine services brings forth dismay and apprehension among Orthodox in America of non-Russian background"''; St. Alexander Hotovitsky appointed as rector in New York; Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity is chartered by a special act of the New York State Legislature, being the first Greek Church founded in New York, and the second Greek Church founded in the Americas. *1898 Bp. Nicholas (Ziorov) returns to Russia; Tikhon (Belavin) becomes Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska; American annexation of Hawaii. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in America」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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